In a physical penetration test, what must an individual accomplish to bypass an access control vestibule?

To successfully bypass an access control vestibule during a physical penetration test, an individual needs to persuade someone to grant them access by following them through two doors in a row, a tactic known as "tailgating." This method exploits social engineering techniques, where the tester may engage in casual conversation or create a sense of familiarity to convince an authorized person that they are supposed to be there.

Tailgating takes advantage of the physical layout of vestibules, which usually require valid credentials for both doors. If an individual can pass through the first door with an authorized person, they can leverage that opportunity to gain access to secure areas without the need for their own credentials. This illustrates the human factor in security measures and emphasizes the importance of training users to be vigilant about who they allow into secured areas.

The other options presented do not align with the typical challenges faced in bypassing access control vestibules, as they involve either technical means (like disabling alarms or using a master key) or creating a false identity, which may not always be necessary or feasible in realistic scenarios.