What access control solution requires both something a user knows and something they possess?

The correct answer involves a combination of two distinct factors: something a user knows, such as a Personal Identification Number (PIN), and something they possess, like an access badge. This dual-factor approach significantly enhances security by requiring both elements for access.

In this case, the access badge serves as a physical item the user must have to gain entry, while the PIN represents the knowledge the user must possess. This pairing is often used in various security contexts, including physical premises and electronic systems, to provide an additional layer of protection against unauthorized access.

Other combinations listed in the options may involve various forms of authentication, but they do not meet the criteria of requiring both a possession and knowledge factor. For instance, a fingerprint scan and password involve two different authentication factors but do not combine possession with knowledge in the same way.