What characterizes ransomware?

Ransomware is primarily characterized by its method of operation, which involves encrypting files on a victim's system and demanding a ransom payment for the decryption key. This malicious software takes control of essential data, making it inaccessible to the user, and threatens to permanently delete or expose the data if the ransom is not paid.

The encryption process is typically rapid and can affect a large number of files within a short time frame, leading to significant disruption for individuals or organizations. The ransom demand often comes with a time constraint, adding urgency to the situation. This technique is distinctly different from other types of malware that have varying objectives, such as spying on user activities, displaying unwanted advertisements, or altering system settings without the express intent of extorting money for the decryption of files. Thus, the main defining feature of ransomware is its focus on encrypting files with the goal of extracting a financial payment from the victim.