What kind of flaw allows a user to try to put a 64-bit value into a 4-byte integer variable?

The scenario described involves attempting to store a value that exceeds the storage capacity of a variable, specifically trying to place a 64-bit value into a 4-byte integer variable. This situation is known as integer overflow.

When a value exceeds the maximum size that can be held by an integer variable, it can lead to unexpected behavior, such as wrapping around to a negative value or resetting to a low value, which can compromise the integrity of the application. In programming, this occurs when arithmetic operations produce a result larger than what can be represented in the allocated space for that type.

The key aspect of integer overflow is that it can lead to vulnerabilities that attackers may exploit. Such exploits can occur when the overflow leads to unintended behavior, such as allowing access to memory areas that should otherwise be restricted or bypassing application logic designed to enforce limits.