What must users provide to authenticate individuals in an AAA implementation?

In an AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) implementation, users must provide an identity and one or more authentication factors to verify that they are who they claim to be. The identity component typically involves identifying the user, often through a username or user ID, while the authentication factors can be something the user knows (like a password), something they have (like a security token or smart card), or something they are (such as a fingerprint or other biometric data).

This multi-factor approach enhances security by not relying solely on one method of identification, thereby reducing the risk of unauthorized access. Each factor adds an extra layer of security, making it more challenging for potential intruders to gain access to sensitive systems or data. Therefore, the combination of identity and multiple factors is essential in robust AAA frameworks to ensure trusted access control.