Which threat vector primarily exploits known software vulnerabilities?

The primary threat vector that exploits known software vulnerabilities involves individuals or groups who actively look for weaknesses in systems, applications, or networks to gain unauthorized access or execute their malicious agendas. External attackers typically leverage vulnerabilities that have been publicly disclosed but not adequately patched or mitigated, making this option the best fit for the question.

These attackers often use automated tools or scripts to scan for known vulnerabilities in software, taking advantage of outdated or unpatched systems. Their goal is usually to breach security for financial gain, data theft, or service disruption. Recognizing this tactic is crucial for implementing defenses such as regular vulnerability assessments, patch management strategies, and intrusion detection systems.

While insider threats can also exploit vulnerabilities, they typically involve individuals with authorized access and often take a different form of attack, such as insider fraud or data manipulation. Script kiddies employ simple, often pre-written scripts to exploit vulnerabilities, but they generally do not focus on sophisticated or targeted attacks in the same manner as many external attackers. Advanced persistent threats (APTs) involve prolonged and targeted attacks that adapt over time, and while they can exploit software vulnerabilities, they also rely on more complex strategies and resources compared to general external attackers.